An integrated model of organizational participation for Iranian public organizations

Regardless of studies about participation, theoretical coherence has not been formed and developing an effective theory of participation in public organizations is still a major challenge.This research, by presenting an integrated model of participation, seeks to converge and contribute to managing the affairs of government organizations.This research has been exploratory and descriptive in terms of purpose. At first, 31 people were interveiewed and using qualitative data analysis by MAXQDA software, a visual model was presented.Then the model, evaluated by 250 questionnaires in a public Iranian Company with 545 employees located in Tehran. Reliability of the model confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (calculated 0.9). As a  result  of  grounded theory process, 1075 concept codes were identified and 13 central categories were obtained. The category of “organizational participation system” selected as a central phenomenon. Its relationship with other categories, explained and an integrated five-part model of  participation presented, which includes: the ultimate cause, actual cause, material cause, formal cause and participation evaluation mechanism.